올바른 줄 바꿈으로 HTML을 텍스트로 변환 (렌더링)

c# html-agility-pack

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문제

HTML 문자열을 일반 텍스트로 변환해야합니다 (HTML 민첩성 팩 사용이 바람직 함). 적절한 흰 공백과 특히 줄 바꿈이 적절한 경우 .

그리고 "적절한 줄 바꿈 (line-breaks)"에 의해이 코드가 의미하는 바는 다음과 같습니다. 

<div>
    <div>
        <div>
            line1
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<div>line2</div>

다음으로 변환해야합니다. 

<div>
    <div>
        <div>
            line1
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<div>line2</div>

즉 단 하나의 줄 바꿈.

내가 본 솔루션의 대부분은 모든 <div> <br> <p> 태그를 \n 분명히 s * cks)로 변환합니다.

C #을위한 html-to-plaintext 렌더링 논리에 대한 제안? 완전한 코드는 아니지만, 적어도 공통 논리는 "모든 닫는 DIV를 줄 바꿈으로 바꾸십시오.하지만 다음 형제가 DIV가 아닐지라도"정말 도움이 될 것입니다.

내가 시도한 것들 : 단순히 .InnerText 속성 (잘못 분명히), 정규식 (천천히, 고통스러운, 많은 해킹, 또한 정규식은 12 배 더 느린 HtmlAgilityPack - 나는 그것을 측정했다),이 솔루션 과 유사한 (더 줄 바꿈을 반환합니다. 필수)

Alex

수락 된 답변

아래의 코드는 제공된 예제에서 올바르게 작동하지만 <div><br></div> 와 같은 이상한 것을 다루기는하지만 여전히 개선해야 할 사항이 있지만 기본적인 아이디어가 있습니다. 의견을보십시오. 

public static string FormatLineBreaks(string html)
{
    //first - remove all the existing '\n' from HTML
    //they mean nothing in HTML, but break our logic
    html = html.Replace("\r", "").Replace("\n", " ");

    //now create an Html Agile Doc object
    HtmlDocument doc = new HtmlDocument();
    doc.LoadHtml(html);

    //remove comments, head, style and script tags
    foreach (HtmlNode node in doc.DocumentNode.SafeSelectNodes("//comment() | //script | //style | //head"))
    {
        node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node);
    }

    //now remove all "meaningless" inline elements like "span"
    foreach (HtmlNode node in doc.DocumentNode.SafeSelectNodes("//span | //label")) //add "b", "i" if required
    {
        node.ParentNode.ReplaceChild(HtmlNode.CreateNode(node.InnerHtml), node);
    }

    //block-elements - convert to line-breaks
    foreach (HtmlNode node in doc.DocumentNode.SafeSelectNodes("//p | //div")) //you could add more tags here
    {
        //we add a "\n" ONLY if the node contains some plain text as "direct" child
        //meaning - text is not nested inside children, but only one-level deep

        //use XPath to find direct "text" in element
        var txtNode = node.SelectSingleNode("text()");

        //no "direct" text - NOT ADDDING the \n !!!!
        if (txtNode == null || txtNode.InnerHtml.Trim() == "") continue;

        //"surround" the node with line breaks
        node.ParentNode.InsertBefore(doc.CreateTextNode("\r\n"), node);
        node.ParentNode.InsertAfter(doc.CreateTextNode("\r\n"), node);
    }

    //todo: might need to replace multiple "\n\n" into one here, I'm still testing...

    //now BR tags - simply replace with "\n" and forget
    foreach (HtmlNode node in doc.DocumentNode.SafeSelectNodes("//br"))
        node.ParentNode.ReplaceChild(doc.CreateTextNode("\r\n"), node);

    //finally - return the text which will have our inserted line-breaks in it
    return doc.DocumentNode.InnerText.Trim();

    //todo - you should probably add "&code;" processing, to decode all the &nbsp; and such
}    

//here's the extension method I use
private static HtmlNodeCollection SafeSelectNodes(this HtmlNode node, string selector)
{
    return (node.SelectNodes(selector) ?? new HtmlNodeCollection(node));
}
Serge Shultz

인기 답변

우려 사항 :

  1. 보이지 않는 태그 (스크립트, 스타일)
  2. 블록 수준 태그
  3. 인라인 태그
  4. Br 태그
  5. 줄 바꿈 가능한 공백 (앞, 뒤 및 다중 공백)
  6. 하드 스페이스
  7. 개체

대수적 결정 : 

  plain-text = Process(Plain(html))

  Plain(node-s) => Plain(node-0), Plain(node-1), ..., Plain(node-N)
  Plain(BR) => BR
  Plain(not-visible-element(child-s)) => nil
  Plain(block-element(child-s)) => BS, Plain(child-s), BE
  Plain(inline-element(child-s)) => Plain(child-s)   
  Plain(text) => ch-0, ch-1, .., ch-N

  Process(symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)

  Process(start-line, BR, symbol-s) => Print('\n'), Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, BS, symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, BE, symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, hard-space, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, space, symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, common-symbol, symbol-s) => Print(common-symbol), 
                                                  Process(not-ws, symbol-s)

  Process(not-ws, BR|BS|BE, symbol-s) => Print('\n'), Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(not-ws, hard-space, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
  Process(not-ws, space, symbol-s) => Process(ws, symbol-s)
  Process(not-ws, common-symbol, symbol-s) => Process(ws, symbol-s)

  Process(ws, BR|BS|BE, symbol-s) => Print('\n'), Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(ws, hard-space, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Print(' '), 
                                       Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
  Process(ws, space, symbol-s) => Process(ws, symbol-s)
  Process(ws, common-symbol, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Print(common-symbol),
                                          Process(not-ws, symbol-s)

HtmlAgilityPack 및 System.Xml.Linq에 대한 C # 결정 : 

  plain-text = Process(Plain(html))

  Plain(node-s) => Plain(node-0), Plain(node-1), ..., Plain(node-N)
  Plain(BR) => BR
  Plain(not-visible-element(child-s)) => nil
  Plain(block-element(child-s)) => BS, Plain(child-s), BE
  Plain(inline-element(child-s)) => Plain(child-s)   
  Plain(text) => ch-0, ch-1, .., ch-N

  Process(symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)

  Process(start-line, BR, symbol-s) => Print('\n'), Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, BS, symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, BE, symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, hard-space, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, space, symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, common-symbol, symbol-s) => Print(common-symbol), 
                                                  Process(not-ws, symbol-s)

  Process(not-ws, BR|BS|BE, symbol-s) => Print('\n'), Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(not-ws, hard-space, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
  Process(not-ws, space, symbol-s) => Process(ws, symbol-s)
  Process(not-ws, common-symbol, symbol-s) => Process(ws, symbol-s)

  Process(ws, BR|BS|BE, symbol-s) => Print('\n'), Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(ws, hard-space, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Print(' '), 
                                       Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
  Process(ws, space, symbol-s) => Process(ws, symbol-s)
  Process(ws, common-symbol, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Print(common-symbol),
                                          Process(not-ws, symbol-s)

예 : 

  plain-text = Process(Plain(html))

  Plain(node-s) => Plain(node-0), Plain(node-1), ..., Plain(node-N)
  Plain(BR) => BR
  Plain(not-visible-element(child-s)) => nil
  Plain(block-element(child-s)) => BS, Plain(child-s), BE
  Plain(inline-element(child-s)) => Plain(child-s)   
  Plain(text) => ch-0, ch-1, .., ch-N

  Process(symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)

  Process(start-line, BR, symbol-s) => Print('\n'), Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, BS, symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, BE, symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, hard-space, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, space, symbol-s) => Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(start-line, common-symbol, symbol-s) => Print(common-symbol), 
                                                  Process(not-ws, symbol-s)

  Process(not-ws, BR|BS|BE, symbol-s) => Print('\n'), Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(not-ws, hard-space, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
  Process(not-ws, space, symbol-s) => Process(ws, symbol-s)
  Process(not-ws, common-symbol, symbol-s) => Process(ws, symbol-s)

  Process(ws, BR|BS|BE, symbol-s) => Print('\n'), Process(start-line, symbol-s)
  Process(ws, hard-space, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Print(' '), 
                                       Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
  Process(ws, space, symbol-s) => Process(ws, symbol-s)
  Process(ws, common-symbol, symbol-s) => Print(' '), Print(common-symbol),
                                          Process(not-ws, symbol-s)
Serj-Tm

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